Latest News
You are here: Home 
History of Book Papyrus
History of Book Papyrus | Papyrus |
|
|
|
| Saturday, 28 November 2009 | |
 This plant, known by the ancient Greeks papyros, is associated with Egypt. Overgrown once the upper delta of the Nile, especially damp places, reached the height of several meters. Today, papyrus reeds growing in small quantities in Palestine and Syria and in Europe in Sicily. Most of the information on papyrus (IV / III century BC), and older (I century AD). The roots of the plants used, inter alia, the manufacture of household utensils, the stems have been formulated boats, sails, mats, ropes and clothing. An interesting fact is that the papyrus was even eaten, raw or cooked. However, most contemporary scholars as was the use of papyrus for writing.The oldest preserved monuments of the literature on papyrus in the third millennium BC more precisely, with around 2400 BC, probably by then was commonly used as a medium of text (perhaps as a Food). For the production was used for writing stem of the plant, which has a triangular cross-section of flesh, cut into strips thin as possible and as widely as possible. Then, densely arranged them side by side on the board dampened with water, tried to edges of stripes that coincide. At this layer was placed in second, then cut off the protruding ends whole was created as a result, a coherent sheet, which was later dried in the sun. Prepared sheets glued edges together with glue made from flour, water and vinegar, then smoothed until the shell relatively gloss ivory. Thus was created a scroll, which consisted of about 20 sheets, which are still coated with an adhesive for greater transparency letter. Height usually reached a roll from 15 to 18 cm, but remained significantly higher in samples. The papyrus species determined the width of the card (was 26 cm wide, merchant - 12 cm) and the quality of raw material (the better grades have been formulated with the inner layers of the stalk, worse - from the outside). The thinner sheets had a roll that was precious, also drew attention to the brightness and smoothness of the surface, which would ensure good readability of the statement (as is already evident ancient burial of appropriate design book). Technique of papyrus yet established itself in the 3rd millennium BC and has not changed subsequent to the time (See today made papyrus card). Copies of the oldest scrolls, from the 3rd millennium BC, still preserved the softness and flexibility to enable them rollback and development. These papyri, owe their survival exceptionally favorable climatic conditions which prevailed in Egypt, and thus that was briefly used. Outdated documents and a wander into the trash (collections of waste paper was still not organized), or were used as material to wrap mummies in the tombs. Literary texts are often placed in a sarcophagus with the deceased, where they could wait for modern times. Both the Egyptian writers, and those which came to pour thought the papyrus clearly favored one side of a roll, that the fibers ran horizontally. Recto called it, was the opposite - verso. Home recto was inside the reel, while the party is not written on the outside. This habit has evolved at a later period, however, initially because both parties were treated equally. The text of the scroll was read by developing one side and rolling the other, the content was included in the form of pages, which are progressively uncovered while reading. Probably the papyrus was an expensive material, especially since it started to export such Greece and Rome. A scroll of papyrus arrived in Greece around July Greek scroll dated to the IV century BC n Greece, where he was given the form of a code (for which, however, not suitable) papyrus experiencing a renaissance. Used are also known. Chartes - that is not stored sheets of papyrus. Saved card called biblion. Called the roll of papyrus in Greece kylindros and Rome volumen. At the end of the nineteenth century, thanks to two tireless searchers and researchers papyri from Oxford: Bernard P. Grenfell and Arthur Hunt, a new science called Papyrology |
| < Prev | Next > |
|---|
Polls
Who's Online
We have 19 guests onlinePapyrus
The Egyptians have reached such a level of literacy as the peoples of Mesopotamia and perhaps even exceeded it. They had Furniture products Hotels compare discount Buy food online the disposal of papyrus, which is easy to make and easy to write, as in today's paper.
Parchment Parchment is an alternative to papyrus. Rough skin was veal, sheep and goats, which are rubbed with potassium carbonate, or lime, carefully purified and far-fetched. After drying and careful treatment of the external surface could be recorded on both sides. Removing the old record was possible using a pumice stone. In this way, the parchment used repeatedly. He was more durable and flexible on papyrus. Written on the literary and religious.
Tapas
Tapas simple production papyrus had their counterparts in most primitive cultures. Polynesian tapa material is made from the bark of various trees, mainly from Morus family. Trees and shrubs provide the bast, which wetted slaughter a hammer on a hard surface until it was holding together, more or less similar to the thin felt material.
Huun
This was the same material as the tapa bark, which was invented by the Mayans. Served as a letter carrier for the sacred calendar, prophecy, historical drawings and medical procedures.
Amatl
Amatl Amatl (Amate) is also a product of the bark. It has long been the inside of the Aztecs used the bark of wild trees. In the Aztec language means both fig-tree and the "paper". For amatl had to cook in the lime solution of wood ash. After rinsing it was going to grill on wood and ubijało. Thanks fibers filled the open spaces. Then amatl was prepared in the sun. Amatl today is produced by the Otomi Indians in southern Mexico.
Copyright © 2005 - 2012 Z wallpaper.
Designed by JoomlArt.com
Joomla! is Free Software released under the GNU/GPL License.
