History of Codex - Z wallpaper

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The prototype code were bundles of wooden plates called by the Romans caudex (wood block). Instead, roll it enough to break a card and submit. A dozen or so such papers broken one in the second comprised the first codes. Animation: the formation of a code of stapling them to have not fallen. However, the more sheets incorporated in the code more difficult to close it. Initially, these codes are applied to the papyrus, it appeared that the card papyrus was too thin and flexible, and thus vulnerable to destruction.

This began to use parchment, which, as it turned out, was more appropriate material for this form of the book. In the second half of the first century n.e. Code has become an important element in the dissemination of literature among the poorer strata of society, while the roll of papyrus was still favored by wealthy collectors. In the fifth century BC Code gained over the coils. Decided that: low price and portability of the Code. First, lawyers have used it in their daily work, then became the main vehicle for Christian literature. Coil was used even in the fourth century n.e. perpetuating its mainly secular literature. The oldest codes of parchment which survived until our times come from the fourth century AD The codes were divided into them. When one card is put into the second, ie the whole of the Code are divided into a number of contributions of two or more cards. The codes are less handy to, with more cards is not closed, and extra cards have to be wider than the interior in order to maintain equal edge. That building holds the majority of the Coptic and Greek papyri. The first codes of the width to its height card was 1:1 (ie the site was a square), from the fifth century prevails ratio 2:3 (eg, code Menandra) The Bodmer Library in Geneva has survived such Gospel St Luke and John dating from approximately the second century n.e. consisted of probably 144 pages or 72 sheets inserted into one another. Another example is the manuscript Dyscolus Menandra ancient comedy and excerpts Illiady from about 300 AD stored in the Pierpont Morgan Library in New York. Show off the ingenuity of the ancient writer of the fourth century AD, who used the receipts to write a code made from a roll of papers sawn, glued to his side saved. This manuscript was found in Achnim (ancient Panapolis).

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Papyrus

The Egyptians have reached such a level of literacy as the peoples of Mesopotamia and perhaps even exceeded it. They had Buy food online Furniture products Hotels compare discount the disposal of papyrus, which is easy to make and easy to write, as in today's paper.

Parchment Parchment is an alternative to papyrus. Rough skin was veal, sheep and goats, which are rubbed with potassium carbonate, or lime, carefully purified and far-fetched. After drying and careful treatment of the external surface could be recorded on both sides. Removing the old record was possible using a pumice stone. In this way, the parchment used repeatedly. He was more durable and flexible on papyrus. Written on the literary and religious.

Tapas

Tapas simple production papyrus had their counterparts in most primitive cultures. Polynesian tapa material is made from the bark of various trees, mainly from Morus family. Trees and shrubs provide the bast, which wetted slaughter a hammer on a hard surface until it was holding together, more or less similar to the thin felt material.

Huun

This was the same material as the tapa bark, which was invented by the Mayans. Served as a letter carrier for the sacred calendar, prophecy, historical drawings and medical procedures.

Amatl

Amatl Amatl (Amate) is also a product of the bark. It has long been the inside of the Aztecs used the bark of wild trees. In the Aztec language means both fig-tree and the "paper". For amatl had to cook in the lime solution of wood ash. After rinsing it was going to grill on wood and ubijało. Thanks fibers filled the open spaces. Then amatl was prepared in the sun. Amatl today is produced by the Otomi Indians in southern Mexico.