Latest News
You are here: Home 
History of Book
History of Book History of Book
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The name comes from the Greek Byzantion, Lat. Byzantium. It was a Greek colony founded in the seventh century BC in the European part of the Bosphorus. The name comes from the legendary founder of Byzasa, the son of Poseidon, grandson of Zeus and Io. Was the subject of the dispute between Athens and Sparta, which sought to achieve domination over z cities by the Greeks over the Sea of Marmara and the Black Sea. In the years 340-339 BC conquered by Philip II of Macedon. Byzantium soon became an important trading point, was also of great military importance. In 278 BC, the was burnt by the Celts. From the end of the second century BC fought on the side of Rome against the kings of Macedonia: Philip V and Perseus against Antiochus III the Great. Since 149 BC allied with Rome.
Celts in Europe have created a civilization that is spreading along with their wanderings, became the nucleus of many nationalities. Pushed through political and cultural expansion of Rome, developed especially in the British Isles - the periphery of Western Europe. Christianization introduced through, inter alia, St. Patrick in the fifth century helped to revive their culture, including literature and art, not destroying the ancient Celtic tradition.
This plant, known by the ancient Greeks papyros, is associated with Egypt. Overgrown once the upper delta of the Nile, especially damp places, reached the height of several meters. Today, papyrus reeds growing in small quantities in Palestine and Syria and in Europe in Sicily. Most of the information on papyrus (IV / III century BC), and older (I century AD). The roots of the plants used, inter alia, the manufacture of household utensils, the stems have been formulated boats, sails, mats, ropes and clothing. An interesting fact is that the papyrus was even eaten, raw or cooked. However, most contemporary scholars as was the use of papyrus for writing.
The Egyptians already consolidating his thoughts on the skin, the oldest artefacts come from 2000 BC rp, including Jews, Persians and Greeks knew and used the purified hair animal skin as a writing material. Only in the Hellenistic period, c. III / II wpChr. improved the process of creating the leather material for writing, initially on the coast of Asia Minor and, according to the Roman scholar and wpChr. - Varro, in Pergamum. Thanks Herod know that the Greeks called "book" written on the skin diphterai (Greek "skin"), the name of "parchment" took only around IV century AD Romans "leather," called the diaphragm. 
The prototype code were bundles of wooden plates called by the Romans caudex (wood block). Instead, roll it enough to break a card and submit. A dozen or so such papers broken one in the second comprised the first codes. Animation: the formation of a code of stapling them to have not fallen. However, the more sheets incorporated in the code more difficult to close it. Initially, these codes are applied to the papyrus, it appeared that the card papyrus was too thin and flexible, and thus vulnerable to destruction.
Polls
Who's Online
We have 9 guests onlinePapyrus
The Egyptians have reached such a level of literacy as the peoples of Mesopotamia and perhaps even exceeded it. They had Hotels compare discount the disposal of papyrus, which is easy to make and easy to write, as in today's paper.
Parchment Parchment is an alternative to papyrus. Rough skin was veal, sheep and goats, which are rubbed with potassium carbonate, or lime, carefully purified and far-fetched. After drying and careful treatment of the external surface could be recorded on both sides. Removing the old record was possible using a pumice stone. In this way, the parchment used repeatedly. He was more durable and flexible on papyrus. Written on the literary and religious.
Tapas
Tapas simple production papyrus had their counterparts in most primitive cultures. Polynesian tapa material is made from the bark of various trees, mainly from Morus family. Trees and shrubs provide the bast, which wetted slaughter a hammer on a hard surface until it was holding together, more or less similar to the thin felt material.
Huun
This was the same material as the tapa bark, which was invented by the Mayans. Served as a letter carrier for the sacred calendar, prophecy, historical drawings and medical procedures.
Amatl
Amatl Amatl (Amate) is also a product of the bark. It has long been the inside of the Aztecs used the bark of wild trees. In the Aztec language means both fig-tree and the "paper". For amatl had to cook in the lime solution of wood ash. After rinsing it was going to grill on wood and ubijało. Thanks fibers filled the open spaces. Then amatl was prepared in the sun. Amatl today is produced by the Otomi Indians in southern Mexico.
Copyright © 2005 - 2010 Z wallpaper.
Designed by JoomlArt.com
Joomla! is Free Software released under the GNU/GPL License.
